CE8302 Fluid Mechanics MCQ Question And Answers

CE8302 Fluid Mechanics MCQ Question And Answers

1. Pascal-second is the unit of

a) pressure

b) kinematic viscosity

c) dynamic viscosity

d) surface tension

Ans: c

2. An ideal fluid is

a) one which obeys Newton’s law of viscosity

b) frictionless and incompressible

c) very viscous

d) frictionless and compressible

Ans: b

3. The unit of kinematic viscosity is

a) gm/cm-sec2

b) dyne-sec/em2

c) gm/em2-sec

d) em2/sec

Ans: d

4. If the dynamic viscosity of a fluid is 0.5 poise and specific gravity is
0.5, then the kinematic viscosity of that fluid in stokes is

a) 0.25

b) 0.50

c) 1.0

d) none of the above

Ans: c

5. The viscosity of a gas

a) decreases with increase in temperature

b) increases with increase in temperature

c) is independent of temperature

d) is independent of pressure for very high pressure intensities

Ans: b

6. Newton’s law of viscosity relates

a) intensity of pressure and rate of angular deformation

b) shear stress and rate of angular deformation

c) shear stress, viscosity and temperature

d) viscosity and rate of angular deformation

Ans: b

7. An open tank contains 1m deep water with 50 cm depth of oil of specific gravity 0.8 above it. The intensity of pressure at the bottom of
tank will be

a) 4 kN/m2

b) 10 kN/m2

c)12 kN/m2

d) 14 kN/m2

Ans: d

8. The position of center of pressure on a plane surface immersed
vertically in a static mass of fluid is

a) at the centroid of the submerged area

b) always above the centroid of the area

c) always below the centroid of the area

d) none of the above

Ans: c

9. The total pressure on a plane surface inclined at an angle 9 with the
horizontal is equal to

a) PA

b) pA sin 9

c) pA cos 9

d) pA tan 9

where p is pressure intensity at centroid of area and

A is area of plane surface.

Ans: a

10. A vertical rectangular plane surface is submerged in water such that
its top and bottom surfaces are 1.5 m and 6.0 m res-pectively below the
free surface. The position of center of pressure below the free surface
will be at a distance of

a) 3-75 m

b) 4.0m

c) 4.2m

d) 4.5m

Ans: c

11. Centre of buoyancy always

a) coincides with the centre of gravity

b). coincides with the centroid of the volume of fluid displaced

c) remains above the centre of gravity

d) remains below the centre of gravity

Ans: b

12. If the weight of a body immersed in a fluid exceeds the buoyant force,
then the body will

a) rise until its weight equals the buoyant force

b) tend to move downward and it may finally sink

c) float

d) none of the above

Ans: b

13. Metacentric height for small values of angle of heel is the distance
between the

a) centre of gravity and centre of buoy-ancy

b) centre of gravity and metacentre

c) centre of buoyancy and metacentre

d) free surface and centre of buoyancy

Ans: b

14. A floating body is said to be in a state of stable equilibrium

a) when its metacentric height is zero

b) when the metacentre is above the centre of gravity

c) when the metacentre is below the centre of gravity

d) only when its centre of gravity is below its centre of buoyancy

Ans: b

15. The increase in meta centric height

i) increases stability

ii) decreases stability

iii) increases comfort for passengers

iv) decreases comfort for passengers

The correct answer is

a) (i) and (iii)

b) (i) and(iv)

c) (i) and (iii)

d) (ii) and (iv)

Ans: b

16. A rectangular block 2 m long, 1 m wide and 1 m deep floats in water,
the depth of immersion being 0.5 m. If water weighs 10 kN/m3, then the
weight of the block is

a) 5kN

b) IOkN

c) 15 kN

d) 20 kN

Ans: b

17. The point in the immersed body through which the resultant pressure
of the liquid may be taken to act is known as

a) center of gravity

b) center of buoyancy

c) center of pressure

d) metacentre

Ans: c

18. If a vessel containing liquid moves downward with a constant
acceleration equal to ‘g’ then

a) the pressure throughout the liquid mass is atmospheric

b) there will be vacuum in the liquid

c) the pressure in the liquid mass is greater than hydrostatic pressure
d) none of the above

Ans: a

19. When a liquid rotates at a constant angular velocity about a vertical
axis as a rigid body, the pressure intensity varies

a) linearly with radial distance

b) as the square of the radial distance

c) inversely as the square of the radial distance

d) inversely as the radial distance

Ans: b

20. An open cubical tank of 2 m side is filled with water. If the tank is
rotated with an acceleration such that half of the water spills out, then
the acceleration is equal to

a) g/3

b) g/2

c) 28/3

d) g

Ans: d

21. A right circular cylinder open at the top is filled with liquid and
rotated about its vertical axis at such a speed that half the liquid spills
out, then the pressure intensity at the center of bottom is

a) zero

b) one-fourth its value when cylinder was full

c) one-half its value when cylinder was full

d) cannot be predicted from the given data

Ans: a

22. The horizontal component of force on a curved surface is equal to the

a) product of pressure intensity at its centroid and area

b) force on a vertical projection of the curved surface

c) weight of liquid vertically above the curved surface

d) force on the horizontal projection of the curved surface

Ans: b

23. A closed tank containing water is moving in a horizontal direction
along a straight line at a constant speed. The tank also contains a steel
ball and a bubble of air. If the tank is decelerated horizontally, then

i) the ball will move to the front
ii) the bubble will move to the front
iii) the ball will move to the rear

iv) the bubble will move to the rear Find out which of the above statements are
correct ?

a) (i) and (i)

b) (i)and(iv)

¢) (ii) and (iii)

d) (iii) and (iv)

Ans: b

24. The eddy viscosity for turbulent flow is

a) a function of temperature only

b) a physical property of the fluid.

c) dependent on the flow

d) independent of the flow

Ans: c

25. Flow at constant rate through a tapering pipe is

i) steady flow

ii) uniform flow

iii) unsteady flow

iv) non-uniform flow

The correct answer is

a) (i) and (ii)

b) (i)and(iv)

c) (i) and (iii)

d) (ii) and (iv)

Ans: b

26. In a two dimensional incompressible steady flow around an airfoil,
the stream lines are 2 cm apart at a great distance from the airfoil, where
the velocity is 30 m/sec. The velocity near the airfoil, where the stream
lines are 1.5 cm apart, is

a) 22.5 m/sec.

b) 33 m/sec.

c) 40 m/sec.

d) 90 m/sec.

Ans: c

27. When the velocity distribution is uniform over the cross-section, the
correction factor for momentum is

a) O

b)1

c) 4/3

d) 2

Ans: b

28. Least possible value of correction factor for

i) kinetic energy is zero

ii) kinetic energy is 1

iii) Momentum is zero

iv) momentum is 1

The correct statements are

a) (i) and (iii)

b) (i) and (iii)

c) (i) and (iv)

d) (ii) and (iv)

Ans: d

29. If the velocity is zero over half of the cross-sectional area and is
uniform over the remaining half, then the momentum correction factor
is

a) 1

b) 4/3

c)2

d) 4

Ans: c

30. If velocity is zero over 1/3rd of a cross-section and is uniform over
remaining 2/3rd of the cross-section, then the correction factor for
kinetic energy is

a) 4/3

b) 3/2

c) 9/4

d) 27/8

Ans: C

31. The continuity equation

pi V,A,= p2V2A2 is based on the following assumption regarding flow of
fluid

a) steady flow

b) uniform flow

c) incompressible flow

d) frictionless flow

where pi and p2 are mass densities.

Ans: a

32. Which of the following velocity potentials satisfies continuity
equation ?

a) x2y

b) x2-y2

c) cosx

d) x2 + y2

Ans: b

33. The motion of air mass in a tornado is a

a) free vortex motion

b) forced vortex motion

c) free vortex at center and forced vortex outside

d) forced vortex at center and free vortex outside

Ans: d

34. In a forced vortex motion, the velocity of flow is

a) directly proportional to its radial distance from axis of rotation

b) inversely proportional to its radial distance from the axis of rotation

c) inversely proportional to the square of its radial distance from the axis of rotation

d) directly proportional to the square of its radial distance from the axis of rotation

Ans: a

35. Stream lines and path lines always coincide in case of

a) steady flow

b) laminar flow

c) uniform flow

d) turbulent flow

Ans: a

36. Equation of continuity is based on the principle of conservation of

a) mass

b) energy

c) momentum

d) none of the above

Ans: a

37. In steady flow of a fluid, the total acceleration of any fluid particle

a) can be zero

b) is never zero

c) is always zero

d) is independent of coordinates

Ans: a

38. The pilot tube is used to measure

a) velocity at stagnation point

b) stagnation pressure

c) static pressure

d) dynamic pressure

Ans: b

39. Hot wire anemometer is used to measure

a) discharge

b) velocity of gas

c) pressure intensity of gas

d) pressure intensity of liquid

Ans: b

40. The theoretical value of coefficient of contraction of a sharp edged
orifice is

a) 0.611

b) 0.85

c) 0.98

d) 1.00

Ans: a

41. Which of the following is used to measure the discharge ?

a) current meter

b) venturimeter

c) pilot tube

d) hotwire anemometer

Ans: b

42. Select the incorrect statement.

a) The pressure intensity at vena contracta is atmospheric.

b) Contraction is least at vena contracta.

c) Stream lines are parallel throughout the jet at vena contracta.

d) Coefficient of contraction is always less than one.

Ans: c

43. Size of a venturimeter is specified by

a) pipe diameter

b) throat diameter

c) angle of diverging section

d) both pipe diameter as well as throat diameter

Ans: a

44. Due to each end contraction, the discharge of rectangular sharp
crested weir is reduced by

a) 5%

b) 10%

c) 15%

d) 20%

Ans: a

45. The discharge through a V- notch varies as

a) H1/2

b) H3’2

c) H5/2

d) H5’4 where H is head.

Ans: c

46. Which of the following is an incorrect statement ?
a) Coefficient of contraction of a venturimeter is unity.

b) Flow nozzle is cheaper than venturimeter but has higher energy loss.

c) Discharge is independent of orientation of venturimeter whether it is horizontal,
vertical or inclined.

d) None of the above statement is correct.

Ans: d

47. Coefficient of velocity of venturimeter
a) is independent of Reynolds number

b) decreases with higher Reynolds number

c) is equal to the coefficient of discharge of venturimeter

d) none of the above

Ans: c

48. The pressure at the summit of a syphon is

a) equal to atmospheric

b) less than atmospheric

c) more than atmospheric

d) none of the above

Ans: b

49. Ay between two stream lines represents

a) velocity

b) discharge

c) head

d) pressure

Ans: b

50. Coefficient of velocity for Borda’s mouth piece running full is

a) 0.611

b) 0.707

c) 0.855

d) 1.00

Ans: b

51. Coefficient of discharge for a totally submerged orifice as compared
to that for an orifice discharging free is

a) slightly less

b) slightly more

c) nearly half

d) equal

Ans: a

52. The major loss of energy in long pipes is due to

a) sudden enlargement

b) sudden contraction

c) gradual contraction or enlargement

d) friction

Ans: d

53. Coefficient of contraction for an external cylindrical mouthpiece is

a) 1.00

b) 0.855

c) 0.7H

d) 0.611

Ans: a

54. Which of the following has highest coefficient of discharge ?

a) sharp edged orifice

b) venturimeter

c) Borda’s mouthpiece running full

d) CipoUetti weir

Ans: b

55. Ina Sutro weir, the discharge is proportional to

a) H1/2

b) H3/2

c) H5/2

d) H

where H is head.

Ans: d

56. The discharge over a broad crested weir is maximum when the depth
of flow is

a) H/3

b) H/2

c)2H/5

d) 2H/3

where H is the available head.

Ans: d

57. Which of the following statements is correct?

a) Lower critical Reynolds number is of no practical significance in pipe flow
problems.

b) Upper critical Reynolds number is significant in pipe flow problems.

c) Lower critical Reynolds number has the value 2000 in pipe flow

d) Upper critical Reynolds number is the number at which turbulent flow changes to
laminar flow.

Ans: a

58. For a sphere of radius 15 cm moving with a uniform velocity of 2
m/sec through a liquid of specific gravity 0.9 and dynamic viscosity 0.8
poise, the Reynolds number will be

a) 300

b) 337.5

c) 600

d) 675

Ans: d

59. The shear stress distribution for a fluid flowing in between the
parallel plates, both at rest, is

a) constant over the cross section

b) parabolic distribution across the section

c) zero at the mid plane and varies linearly with distance from mid plane

d) zero at plates and increases linearly to midpoint

Ans: c

60. If x is the distance from leading edge, then the boundary layer
thickness in laminar flow varies as

a) x

b) x

c) x

d) x/7

Ans: a

61. Stanton diagram is a

a) log-log plot of friction factor against Reynolds number

b) log-log plot of relative roughness against Reynolds number

c) semi-log plot of friction factor against Reynolds number

d) semi-log plot of friction factor against relative roughness

Ans: a

62. The depth ‘d’ below the free surface at which the point velocity is
equal to the average velocity of flow for a uniform laminar flow witha
free surface, will be

a) 0.423 D

b) 0.577 D

c) 0.223 D

d) 0.707 D

where D is the depth of flow.

Ans: b

63. The boundary layer thickness in turbulent flow varies as

a) x”7

b) x,/2

c) x4/5

d) x3/5

where x is the distance from leading edge.

Ans: c

64. The distance y from pipe boundary, at which the point velocity is
equal to average velocity for turbulent flow, is

a) 0.223 R

b) 0.423 R

c) 0.577 R

d) 0.707 R

where R is radius of pipe.

Ans: a

65. Ifa sphere of diameter 1 cm falls in castor oil of kinematic viscosity
10 stokes, with a terminal velocity of 1.5 cm/sec, the coefficient of drag
on the sphere is

a) less than 1

b) between 1 and 100

c) 160

d) 200

Ans: c

66. In case of an airfoil, the separation of flow occurs

a) at the extreme rear of body

b) at the extreme front of body

c) midway between rear and front of body

d) any where between rear and front of body depending upon Reynolds number

Ans: a

67. When an ideal fluid flows past a sphere,

a) highest intensity of pressure occurs around the circumference at right angles to
flow

b) lowest pressure intensity occurs at front stagnation point

c) lowest pressure intensity occurs at rear stagnation point

d) total drag is zero

Ans: d

68. With the same cross-sectional area and immersed in same turbulent
flow, the largest total drag will be on

a) a circular disc of plate held normal to flow

b) asphere

c) a cylinder

d) astreamlined body

Ans: a

69. In which of the following the friction drag is generally larger than
pressure drag?

a) acircular disc or plate held normal to flow

b) asphere

c) acylinder

d) an airfoil

Ans: d

70. For hydro-dynamically smooth boundary, the friction coefficient for
turbulent flow is

a) constant

b) dependent only on Reynolds number

c) a function of Reynolds number and relative roughness

d) dependent on relative roughness only

Ans: b

71. The value of friction factor ‘f for smooth pipes for Reynolds number
106 is approximately equal to

a) 0.1

b) 0.01

c) 0.001

d) 0.0001

Ans: b

72. For laminar flow in a pipe of circular cross-section, the Darcy’s
friction factor f is

a) directly proportional to Reynolds number and independent of pipe wall roughness

b) directly proportional to pipe wall roughness and independent of Reynolds number

c) inversely proportional to Reynolds number and indpendent of pipe wall roughness

d) inversely proportional to Reynolds number and directly proportional to pipe wall
roughness

Ans: c

73. Separation of flow occurs when

a) the pressure intensity reaches a minimum

b) the cross-section of a channel is reduced

c) the boundary layer comes to rest

d) all of the above

Ans: c

74. The ratio of average velocity to maximum velocity for steady laminar
flow in circular pipes is

a) 1/2

b) 2/3

c) 3/2

d) 2

Ans: a

75. The distance from pipe boundary, at which the turbulent shear stress
is one-third die wall shear stress, is

a) 1/3R

b)1/2R

c)2/3R

d) 3/4R

where R is the radius of pipe.

Ans: a

76. The discharge of a liquid of kinematic viscosity 4 cm2/sec through a 8
cm dia-meter pipe is 3200n cm7sec. The type of flow expected is

a) laminar flow

b) transition flow

c) turbulent flow

d) not predictable from the given data

Ans: a

77. The Prartdtl mixing length is

a) zero at the pipe wall

b) maximum at the pipe wall

c) independent of shear stress

d) none of the above

Ans: a

78. The velocity distribution for laminar flow through a circular tube

a) is constant over the cross-section

b) varies linearly from zero at walls to maximum at centre

c) varies parabolically with maximum at the centre

d) none of the above

Ans: c

79. A fluid of kinematic viscosity 0.4 cm2/sec flows through a 8 cm
diameter pipe. The maximum velocity for laminar flow will be

a) less than 1 m/sec

b) 1 m/sec

c) 1.5 m/sec

d) 2 m/sec

Ans: b

80. The losses are more in

a) laminar flow

b) transition flow

c) turbulent flow

d) critical flow

Ans: c

81. The wake

a) always occurs before a separation point

b) always occurs after a separation point

c) is a region of high pressure intensity

d) none of the above

Ans: b

82. The maximum thickness of boundary layer in a pipe of radius r is

a) O

b) r/2

c)r

d) 2r

Ans: c

83. The hydraulic grade line is

a) always above the centre line of pipe

b) never above the energy grade line

c) always sloping downward in the direction of flow

d) all of the above

Ans: b

84. Two pipe systems are said to be equivalent when

a) head loss and discharge are same in two systems

b) length of pipe and discharge are same in two systems

c) friction factor and length are same in two systems

d) length and diameter are same in two systems

Ans: a

85. In series-pipe problems

a) the head loss is same through each pipe

b) the discharge is same through each pipe

c) a trial solution is not necessary

d) the discharge through each pipe is added to obtain total discharge

Ans: b

86. Select the correct statement.

a) The absolute roughness of a pipe de-creases with time.

b) A pipe becomes smooth after using for long time.

c) The friction factor decreases with time.

d) The absolute roughness increases with time.

Ans: d

87. A valve is suddenly closed in a water main in which the velocity is 1
m/sec and velocity of pressure wave is 981 m/ sec. The inertia head at the
valve will be

a)im

b) 10m

c) 100m

d) none of the above

Ans: c

88. The speed of a pressure wave through a pipe depends upon

a) the length of pipe

b) the viscosity of fluid

c) the bulk modulus for the fluid

d) the original head

Ans: c

89. When time of closure te = L/vo (where L is length of pipe and vo is
speed of pressure wave), the portion of pipe length subjected to
maximum head is

a) L/4

b) L/3

c) L/2

d) L

Ans: a

90. If the elevation of hydraulic grade line at the junction of three pipes
is above the elevation of reservoirs B and C and below reservoir A, then
the direction of flow will be

a) from reservoir A to reservoirs B and C

b) from reservoir B to reservoirs C and A

c) from reservoir C to reservoirs A and B

d) unpredictable

Ans: c

91. The length of a pipe is 1 km and its diameter is 20 cm. If the diameter
of an equivalent pipe is 40 cm, then its length is

a) 32 km

b) 20 km

c)8 km

d) 4 km

Ans: a

92. Two pipes of same length and diameters d and 2d respectively are
connected in series. The diameter of an equivalent pipe of same length is

a) less than d

b) between d and1i.5d

c) between 1.5 d and 2d

d) greater than 2d

Ans: a

93. The horse power transmitted through a pipe is maximum when the
ratio of loss of head due to friction and total head supplied is

a) 1/3

b) 1/4

c) 1/2

d) 2/3

Ans: a

94. The boundary layer thickness at a distance of 1 m from the leading
edge of a flat plate, kept at zero angle of incidence to the flow direction,
is O.1 cm. The velocity outside the boundary layer is 25 ml sec.

The boundary layer thickness at a distance of 4 m is

a) 0.40 cm

b) 0.20 cm

c) 0.10 cm

d) 0.05 cm

Assume that boundary layer is entirely laminar.

Ans: b

95. Drag force is a function of

i) projected area of the body

ii) mass density of the fluid

iii) velocity of the body

The correct answer is

a) (i) and (ii)

b) (i) and (iii)

c) (ii) and (iii)

d) (i), (ii) and (iii)

Ans: d

96. The correct relationship among displacement thickness d,
momentum thickness m and energy thickness e is

a) d>m>e

b) d>e>m

c) e>mod

d) e>d>m

Ans: d

97. For laminar flow in circular pipes, the Darcy’s friction factor f is
equal to

a) 16/Re

b) 32/ Re

c) 64/ Re

d) none of the above where R,, is Reynolds number.

Ans: c

100. Surge wave in a rectangular channel is an example of

i) steady flow

ii) unsteady flow

iii) uniform flow

iv) non-uniform flow

The correct answer is
a) (i) and (iii)

b) (ii) and (iii)

c) (i) and (iv)

d) (ii) and (iv)

Ans: d